din dekha bhaal shishuon aur toddlairs, praischhoolairs, aur skool ke aayu varg ke bachchon ke lie pradaan kee dekhabhaal karane ke lie, ya to apane gharon mein, ek rishtedaar ya any dekhabhaalakarta ke ghar mein ek kendr aadhaarit suvidha mein sandarbhit karata hai, ya.
beesaveen sadee ke aakhiree aadhe yuva bachchon ko jo ghar ke baahar kaam ke saath mahilaon kee sankhya mein naatakeey badhotaree huee hai. 2000 mein, shishuon ke saath maataon ke 55 pratishat shram shakti mein the. 2001 mein, chhah saal kee umr ke tahat bachchon ke saath maataon ke 64 pratishat, aur bachchon kee umr chhah satrah karane ke saath maataon ke 78 pratishat shram shakti mein the. in ghatanaon se maata-pita dvaara bachchon kee dekhabhaal pradaataon ke lie ek vrddhi kee maang ke lie netrtv kiya hai, jabaki ve kaam kar rahe hain.
2001 mein, sabhee bachchon ke 61 pratishat nonparaintal dekhabhaal ke kuchh prakaar mein bhaag liya. bachchon ke bade hone ke roop mein, sambhaavana hai ki ve ek maata pita badh jaatee hai ke alaava any kisee se dekhabhaal praapt hoga.
din dekha bhaal ke prakaar
kendr aadhaarit dekhabhaal
kendr aadhaarit dekhabhaal bhee lebal bachche ya daycharai kendron, narsaree skool, ya poorv skool ho sakata hai. in suvidhaon samoohon mein bachchon ke lie paravaah hai. ve vishvavidyaalayon, skoolon, charchon, saamaajik seva ejensiyon, svatantr maalikon ya chen, aur niyoktaon sahit vibhinn praayojakon, ho sakata hai. kaee maata pita ko kendr aadhaarit dekhabhaal chunate hain, kyonki ve kaee dekhabhaal karane vaalon kee upasthiti, bachchon ke bade samoohon ka maanana hai, aur raajy nireekshan un donon ko surakshit aur adhik bharosemand hain. kuchh maata pita ko bhee kendron ke in prakaar ke apane bachchon ke lie ek behatar seekhane ke maahaul par vichaar karen.
chhote bachchon kee shiksha ke lie raashtreey sangh (naaiych) sangathan aur daycharai kendron, vishesh roop se un hai ki shishuon aur bachchon ke lie dekhabhaal pradaan kee sanrachana se sambandhit siphaarishen jaaree karata hai. in siphaarishon ko nyoonatam maanakon ko ek daycharai kendr ka paalan karana chaahie maana jaata hai. bachche ke anupaat mein karane ke lie karmachaariyon ke vishay mein unakee siphaarishon is prakaar hain:
vahaan dekhabhaalakarta shishu prati koee chaar se adhik hai, aur kendr-aadhaarit dhyaan mein bachchon ke ek samooh ke prati koee aath se adhik shishuon hona chaahie.
vahaan dekhabhaalakarta ke prati koee chaar se adhik yuva toddlairs (12-24 maheene), 12 javaan bachchon aur samooh ke prati teen dekhabhaal karane vaalon kee ek adhikatam ke saath hona chaahie. ve sujhaav vahaan dekhabhaalakarta ke prati chhah puraane toddlairs (24-36 maheene), aur 12 puraane toddlairs kee ek adhikatam aur samooh ke prati do dekhabhaal karane vaalon se adhik nahin hona.
kendr aadhaarit dekhabhaal ke laabh mein se kuchh hain:
karmachaariyon ko prashikshit aur nigaraanee kar rahe hain.
isamen aur adhik sansaadhanon aur upakaranon ke lie upalabdh hain.
jab ek staaph sadasy anupasthit hai kee dekhabhaal abhee bhee upalabdh hai.
kendron adhik laisens praapt hone kee sambhaavana hai aur raajy viniyaman ke adheen hain.
kendr aadhaarit dhyaan mein bachchon ke gharon mein se dekhabhaal ke lie un logon kee tulana mein thoda behatar sangyaanaatmak vikaas ka pradarshan, shaayad kyonki ve any bachchon ke saath baatacheet karane ke lie aur adhik avasar hai aur adhik adhigam saamagree ke sampark mein hain.
kendr aadhaarit dekhabhaal ke nukasaan se kuchh hain:
laagat dekhabhaal ke any prakaaron ke lie kee tulana mein adhik hai.
staaph kee prshthabhoomi bahut bhinn ho sakate hain, aur vahaan aksar adhik se adhik karmachaariyon ke kaarobaar hai.
bachchon ke bade samoohon ke bachche ke lie kam vyaktigat dhyaan matalab ho sakata hai.
vahaan sanchaaree beemaariyon ke lie jokhim kee adhik sambhaavana hai.
parivaar chaildakaiar pradaataon
parivaar chaildakaiar pradaataon pradaata ke ghar mein bachchon ke lie dekhabhaal pradaan karate hain. aavashyakataon se doosare raajy mein bhinn hote hain. haalaanki, raajyon ke bahumat kee aavashyakata hotee hai ve adhik se adhik chaar bachchon ko dekh rahe hain, to pradaataon viniyamit kiya ja raha hai. kaee raajyon mein un pradaataon chaar ya kam bachchon kee dekhabhaal ke lie jagah mein ek svaichchhik niyaman prakriya ho sakatee hai. viniyam aamataur par pradaataon kee aavashyakata nyoonatam svaasthy, suraksha, poshan aur maanakon ko poora karane ke lie. isake alaava, ve aam taur par ek aaparaadhik prshthabhoomi kee jaanch ke lie aavashyak hain. kuchh raajyon mein vaarshik parivaar chaildakaiar pradaataon ke gharon ka nireekshan kiya, aur kaee chal rahe prashikshan kee aavashyakata hotee hai. kyonki ve ek adhik ghar-tarah ke maahaul mein rahane ke lie apane bachchon ko pasand karate hain maata pita aksar is bachche kee dekhabhaal mein pasand karate hain. is vyavastha se kam kharcheela hai aur kendr aadhaarit dekhabhaal aur adhik lacheela ho sakata hai. maata pita ko bhee maanana hai ki ho sakata hai ki apane bachchon ko ek ekal dekhabhaalakarta ke saath chhote samoohon mein behatar kar rahe hain.
amerikee baal rog akaadamee kee siphaarish kee gaee hai ki parivaar ke bachchon kee dekhabhaal pradaataon ke chhah bachchon ya kam prati ek vayask dekhabhaalakarta, dekhabhaalakarta ke khud ke bachche bhee shaamil honee chaahie. kul sankhya kam hona chaahie, agar shishuon aur toddlairs shaamil hain. koee dekhabhaalakarta jo akele hee kaam karata hai do se adhik bachchon ko umr ke do saal se chhote kee dekhabhaal ke lie kiya jaana chaahie.
parivaar ke bachche kee dekhabhaal ke laabh mein se kuchh hain:
vahaan kendr aadhaarit dekhabhaal kee tulana mein aam taur par kam bachche hain.
vahaan alag alag umr ke bachchon ke ho sakate hain.
bachche ko ek ghar kee tarah vaataavaran mein rahane ke lie ho jaata hai.
parivaar ke bachche kee dekhabhaal ke nukasaan se kuchh hain:
kaee parivaar chaildakaiar pradaataon laisens praapt hai ya viniyamit nahin kar rahe hain.
sansaadhan aur upakaran vyaapak roop se bhinn ho sakate hain.
parivaar chaildakaiar pradaataon saamaany roop se akele kaam karate hain, jo ise aur adhik kathin apane kaam nyaay karane ke lie kar sakate hain.
beesaveen sadee ke aakhiree aadhe yuva bachchon ko jo ghar ke baahar kaam ke saath mahilaon kee sankhya mein naatakeey badhotaree huee hai. 2000 mein, shishuon ke saath maataon ke 55 pratishat shram shakti mein the. 2001 mein, chhah saal kee umr ke tahat bachchon ke saath maataon ke 64 pratishat, aur bachchon kee umr chhah satrah karane ke saath maataon ke 78 pratishat shram shakti mein the. in ghatanaon se maata-pita dvaara bachchon kee dekhabhaal pradaataon ke lie ek vrddhi kee maang ke lie netrtv kiya hai, jabaki ve kaam kar rahe hain.
2001 mein, sabhee bachchon ke 61 pratishat nonparaintal dekhabhaal ke kuchh prakaar mein bhaag liya. bachchon ke bade hone ke roop mein, sambhaavana hai ki ve ek maata pita badh jaatee hai ke alaava any kisee se dekhabhaal praapt hoga.
din dekha bhaal ke prakaar
kendr aadhaarit dekhabhaal
kendr aadhaarit dekhabhaal bhee lebal bachche ya daycharai kendron, narsaree skool, ya poorv skool ho sakata hai. in suvidhaon samoohon mein bachchon ke lie paravaah hai. ve vishvavidyaalayon, skoolon, charchon, saamaajik seva ejensiyon, svatantr maalikon ya chen, aur niyoktaon sahit vibhinn praayojakon, ho sakata hai. kaee maata pita ko kendr aadhaarit dekhabhaal chunate hain, kyonki ve kaee dekhabhaal karane vaalon kee upasthiti, bachchon ke bade samoohon ka maanana hai, aur raajy nireekshan un donon ko surakshit aur adhik bharosemand hain. kuchh maata pita ko bhee kendron ke in prakaar ke apane bachchon ke lie ek behatar seekhane ke maahaul par vichaar karen.
chhote bachchon kee shiksha ke lie raashtreey sangh (naaiych) sangathan aur daycharai kendron, vishesh roop se un hai ki shishuon aur bachchon ke lie dekhabhaal pradaan kee sanrachana se sambandhit siphaarishen jaaree karata hai. in siphaarishon ko nyoonatam maanakon ko ek daycharai kendr ka paalan karana chaahie maana jaata hai. bachche ke anupaat mein karane ke lie karmachaariyon ke vishay mein unakee siphaarishon is prakaar hain:
vahaan dekhabhaalakarta shishu prati koee chaar se adhik hai, aur kendr-aadhaarit dhyaan mein bachchon ke ek samooh ke prati koee aath se adhik shishuon hona chaahie.
vahaan dekhabhaalakarta ke prati koee chaar se adhik yuva toddlairs (12-24 maheene), 12 javaan bachchon aur samooh ke prati teen dekhabhaal karane vaalon kee ek adhikatam ke saath hona chaahie. ve sujhaav vahaan dekhabhaalakarta ke prati chhah puraane toddlairs (24-36 maheene), aur 12 puraane toddlairs kee ek adhikatam aur samooh ke prati do dekhabhaal karane vaalon se adhik nahin hona.
kendr aadhaarit dekhabhaal ke laabh mein se kuchh hain:
karmachaariyon ko prashikshit aur nigaraanee kar rahe hain.
isamen aur adhik sansaadhanon aur upakaranon ke lie upalabdh hain.
jab ek staaph sadasy anupasthit hai kee dekhabhaal abhee bhee upalabdh hai.
kendron adhik laisens praapt hone kee sambhaavana hai aur raajy viniyaman ke adheen hain.
kendr aadhaarit dhyaan mein bachchon ke gharon mein se dekhabhaal ke lie un logon kee tulana mein thoda behatar sangyaanaatmak vikaas ka pradarshan, shaayad kyonki ve any bachchon ke saath baatacheet karane ke lie aur adhik avasar hai aur adhik adhigam saamagree ke sampark mein hain.
kendr aadhaarit dekhabhaal ke nukasaan se kuchh hain:
laagat dekhabhaal ke any prakaaron ke lie kee tulana mein adhik hai.
staaph kee prshthabhoomi bahut bhinn ho sakate hain, aur vahaan aksar adhik se adhik karmachaariyon ke kaarobaar hai.
bachchon ke bade samoohon ke bachche ke lie kam vyaktigat dhyaan matalab ho sakata hai.
vahaan sanchaaree beemaariyon ke lie jokhim kee adhik sambhaavana hai.
parivaar chaildakaiar pradaataon
parivaar chaildakaiar pradaataon pradaata ke ghar mein bachchon ke lie dekhabhaal pradaan karate hain. aavashyakataon se doosare raajy mein bhinn hote hain. haalaanki, raajyon ke bahumat kee aavashyakata hotee hai ve adhik se adhik chaar bachchon ko dekh rahe hain, to pradaataon viniyamit kiya ja raha hai. kaee raajyon mein un pradaataon chaar ya kam bachchon kee dekhabhaal ke lie jagah mein ek svaichchhik niyaman prakriya ho sakatee hai. viniyam aamataur par pradaataon kee aavashyakata nyoonatam svaasthy, suraksha, poshan aur maanakon ko poora karane ke lie. isake alaava, ve aam taur par ek aaparaadhik prshthabhoomi kee jaanch ke lie aavashyak hain. kuchh raajyon mein vaarshik parivaar chaildakaiar pradaataon ke gharon ka nireekshan kiya, aur kaee chal rahe prashikshan kee aavashyakata hotee hai. kyonki ve ek adhik ghar-tarah ke maahaul mein rahane ke lie apane bachchon ko pasand karate hain maata pita aksar is bachche kee dekhabhaal mein pasand karate hain. is vyavastha se kam kharcheela hai aur kendr aadhaarit dekhabhaal aur adhik lacheela ho sakata hai. maata pita ko bhee maanana hai ki ho sakata hai ki apane bachchon ko ek ekal dekhabhaalakarta ke saath chhote samoohon mein behatar kar rahe hain.
amerikee baal rog akaadamee kee siphaarish kee gaee hai ki parivaar ke bachchon kee dekhabhaal pradaataon ke chhah bachchon ya kam prati ek vayask dekhabhaalakarta, dekhabhaalakarta ke khud ke bachche bhee shaamil honee chaahie. kul sankhya kam hona chaahie, agar shishuon aur toddlairs shaamil hain. koee dekhabhaalakarta jo akele hee kaam karata hai do se adhik bachchon ko umr ke do saal se chhote kee dekhabhaal ke lie kiya jaana chaahie.
parivaar ke bachche kee dekhabhaal ke laabh mein se kuchh hain:
vahaan kendr aadhaarit dekhabhaal kee tulana mein aam taur par kam bachche hain.
vahaan alag alag umr ke bachchon ke ho sakate hain.
bachche ko ek ghar kee tarah vaataavaran mein rahane ke lie ho jaata hai.
parivaar ke bachche kee dekhabhaal ke nukasaan se kuchh hain:
kaee parivaar chaildakaiar pradaataon laisens praapt hai ya viniyamit nahin kar rahe hain.
sansaadhan aur upakaran vyaapak roop se bhinn ho sakate hain.
parivaar chaildakaiar pradaataon saamaany roop se akele kaam karate hain, jo ise aur adhik kathin apane kaam nyaay karane ke lie kar sakate hain.
